Conocimientos de enfermería sobre medidas de prevención en neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica / Nursing knowledge about preventive measures in pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation

Determinar el conocimiento del personal de enfermería respecto a medidas de prevención de neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica y manejo de alimentación enteral en pacientes ingresados a la UCI de un hospital público. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal. La muestra fue representada por personal de enfermería de terapia intensiva de un hospital público de Resistencia- Chaco (n=75), seleccionados mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia durante el periodo de estudio. Se diseñó un instrumento de recolección de datos con las variables en estudio. Se respetaron los principios bioéticos de la Declaración de Helsinki. Resultados: Respecto a los conocimientos sobre las medidas de precauciones estándar, se observó que referente a la utilización de EPP en la asistencia a pacientes ventilados, un 48% de los mismos presento un conocimiento regular, en los momentos de aplicación del lavado de manos, el 44% mostró un conocimiento deficiente. Sobre el manejo de tubo endotraqueal y ventilador mecánico, se observó un nivel de regular en cuanto a conocimientos sobre la correcta fijación del TET (56%); sobre el manejo del respirador y sus conexiones (64%); manejo de humidificadores (60%)y recambios de los circuitos (64%), en contraposición con Dos Santos8 y Granizo-Taboada, Wagner Thomas6 quienes revelaron buenas prácticas de enfermería para el mantenimiento de la oxigenación en pacientes bajo ventilación mecánica. Conclusión: Se destaca en líneas generales, que el personal de enfermería presento conocimiento regular, enfatizando la necesidad de capacitación de los mismos sobre las medidas de prevención de neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica[AU]

To determine the knowledge of nursing staff regarding prevention measures for pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation and management of enteral feeding in patients admitted to the ICU of a public hospital. Methodology: descriptive, cross-sectional study. The sample was represented by intensive care nursing staff from a public hospital in Resistencia-Chaco (n=75), selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling during the study period. A data collection instrument was designed with the variables under study. The bioethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki were respected. Results: Regarding the knowledge about standard precaution measures, it was observed that regarding the use of PPE in the care of ventilated patients, 48% of them presented regular knowledge, at the times of application of hand washing, 44% showed poor knowledge. Regarding the management of the endotracheal tube and mechanical ventilator, a fair level was observed in terms of knowledge about the correct fixation of the ETT (56%); about the management of the respirator and its connections (64%); management of humidifiers (60%) and replacement of circuits (64%), in contrast to Dos Santos8 and Granizo-Taboada, Wagner Thomas6 who revealed good nursing practices for maintaining oxygenation in patients under mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: It stands out in general lines, that the nursing staff presented regular knowledge, emphasizing the need for their training on the prevention measures of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation[AU]

Verificar o conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem sobre as medidas de prevenção de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica e manejo da alimentação enteral em pacientes internados na UTI de um hospital público. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, transversal. A amostra foi representada por enfermeiros intensivistas de um hospital público de Resistencia-Chaco (n=75), selecionados por amostragem não probabilística por conveniência durante o período do estudo. Foi elaborado um instrumento de coleta de dados com as variáveis em estudo. Os princípios bioéticos da Declaração de Helsinque foram respeitados. Resultados: Em relação ao conhecimento sobre medidas de precaução padrão, observou-se que quanto ao uso de EPI no cuidado de pacientes ventilados, 48% deles apresentaram conhecimento regular, nos momentos de aplicação da lavagem das mãos, 44% apresentaram conhecimento ruim. Em relação ao manejo do tubo endotraqueal e do ventilador mecânico, observou-se nível razoável de conhecimento sobre a fixação correta do TET (56%); sobre o manejo do respirador e suas conexões (64%); manejo de umidificadores (60%) e troca de circuitos (64%), ao contrário de Dos Santos8 e Granizo-Taboada, Wagner Thomas6 que revelaram boas práticas de enfermagem para manutenção da oxigenação em pacientes sob ventilação mecânica. Conclusão: Destaca-se em linhas gerais, que a equipe de enfermagem apresentou conhecimento regular, ressaltando a necessidade de seu treinamento sobre as medidas de prevenção de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecánica[AU]

Nonocular second primary tumors after retinoblastoma: retrospective study of 111 patients treated by electron beam radiotherapy with or without TEM.

The objective of this study was to assess the role of various clinical and treatment factors involved in the long-term incidence of nonocular second primary tumors following retinoblastoma. The study was based on 111 patients treated between 1963 and 1977 according to the same radiotherapy protocol (electron beam radiotherapy) alone or in combination with triethylene melamine (TEM). Various statistical methods were used to obtain the actuarial survival curve, the cumulative incidence of second primary tumors, and comparisons of patient groups and subgroups. The 5-, 10-, 20-, and 30-year survival rates were 75%, 70%, 63%, and 55% with a follow-up of 23 to 35 years. The study reports the various parameters concerning 111 children and 17 second primary tumors: sex, age at treatment, histology of the retinoblastoma and second primary tumors, site of second tumors (anatomic and compared with irradiation field), radiation dose, time to onset, and chemotherapy with or without TEM. The results are discussed and compared with the data reported in the literature. Electron beam radiotherapy at a dose of 45 Gy does not eliminate the risk of nonocular second primary tumors. TEM also does not modify survival or the overall incidence of second primary tumors, but significantly increases the risk of second primary tumors outside the irradiation field.

Outcome of second malignancies after retinoblastoma: a retrospective analysis of 25 patients treated at the Institut Curie.

Retinoblastoma is usually curable in developed countries. The morbidity and mortality of patients with hereditary retinoblastoma is still threatened by the occurrence of secondary tumours. Between 1971 and 1988, 427 patients with retinoblastoma were treated in the ophthalmologic, paediatric and radiotherapy departments of the Institut Curie. In this study, we report the clinical and therapeutic features and the outcome of 25 patients treated for a second malignant neoplasm, diagnosed between 1997 and 1999 at the Institut Curie. The median time interval between the diagnosis of retinoblastoma and SMN was 11.2 years (range 3.8-20.6 years). Histopathological diagnoses included: 12 osteosarcomas, 12 soft tissue sarcomas and, 1 malignant oligodendroglioma. The second malignant neoplasm was located inside the radiation field in 21 cases and outside in 4. Twenty three patients received pre-operative chemotherapy. Surgery was performed in 16 patients. Post-operative chemotherapy was administered in 12 patients and external beam radiotherapy was used in 2 patients. Response to treatment was evaluable in 24 patients: complete remissions were observed in 14/24, partial remissions in 2/24 and progressive disease in 8/24. Nineteen patients died. Six are still alive, with 4 in complete remission (median follow-up 8.8 years; range 5.8-13.9 years). Despite aggressive therapy, the prognosis of patients with second malignant neoplasm occurring after retinoblastoma is very poor. It is important to provide information to retinoblastoma patients regarding the risk of a second tumour as this may facilitate an early tumour detection.